Russia-Ukraine War Enters Attrition Phase; NATO Estimates 1.15M Russian Casualties

Military analyst Michael Kofman's assessment published in NV.ua characterizes the Ukraine war as entering a sustained attrition phase with neither side capable of decisive maneuver. NATO estimates approximately 1.15M Russian casualties (killed and wounded) through end of 2025. Ukraine's General Staff claims 1.26M Russian personnel losses. The conflict's resource model -- mobilization reserves, defense production, and military budget reallocation -- remains sustainable for Moscow in the near term.