Nuclear & Arms Control — 2026-05-08

NPT Review Conference Underway as New START Expiration Leaves Arsenals Unconstrained

The 11th NPT Review Conference opened April 27 at UN Headquarters in New York, with UN Secretary-General Guterres delivering opening remarks and Ambassador Do Hung Viet of Vietnam serving as conference president; the session runs through May 22. New START expired in February 2026, leaving no bilateral U.S.-Russian strategic arms verification agreement in force. The North Atlantic Council on April 20, the EU on April 27, and the U.S. Mission in Geneva on April 29 each issued statements to the conference. This is the first review conference since the treaty's indefinite extension in 1995 to convene without any active nuclear arms control verification framework between the two largest arsenals.

Analysis
New START's expiration in February removed the only bilateral verification mechanism for the two largest arsenals, a gap the NPT was never designed to fill. Coordinated Western statements from NATO, the EU, and the U.S. Mission Geneva, authoritative for declaratory positions but not Russian negotiating calculus, signal intent to press Article VI obligations without the bilateral accountability framework that once gave Moscow incentive to engage. Two weeks in, no movement toward consensus has emerged, confirming the 2015 and 2022 collapse pattern. A final document by May 22 is unlikely, though Russia may treat the RevCon as diplomatic offset for its role in the New START collapse, a calculus that could produce partial outcomes the conference record does not predict.
1 sources
  1. NPT Review Conference 2026 - United Nations

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