International Crisis Group: Finding an Off-Ramp in the Middle East War

ICG published a policy brief identifying potential diplomatic off-ramps for the Iran conflict, noting that the killing of successive Iranian leaders has eliminated the most experienced negotiating partners while Iran's rejection of ceasefire talks closes the most direct diplomatic pathway. The analysis emphasizes European refusal to join Hormuz operations as both a constraint on escalation and a lost opportunity for mediated de-escalation.